Protein changes in abalone foot muscle from three geographical populations of Haliotis diversicolor based on proteomic approach

Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the foot muscle proteome of three geographical populations of Haliotis diversicolor were examined, with a total of 922 ± 21 protein spots detected in the Japanese population (JJ), 904 ± 25.6 in the Taiwanese population (TT), and 936 ± 16.2 in the Vietnamese population (VV). Of these, 254 spots showed differential expression and 85 protein spots percentage volumes varied more than twofold. Both "genotype" and "spot" analysis of variance approaches significantly showed differences among the three populations. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that TT and VV clustered together followed by clustering with JJ, which is consistent with their geographical location. Following matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 30 differentially expressed proteins involved in major biological processes including energy production and storage and stress response were identified. Of these proteins, proteins pertaining to muscle contraction and muscle protein regulation showed highest expression levels in VV samples. Proteins involved in energy production and storage, including ATP synthase beta subunit, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, arginine kinase, enolase, triosephosphate isomerase, and tauropine dehydrogenase, showed diverse expression patterns among the three populations. For stress-responsive proteins, the expression of heat shock protein 70 was JJ > VV > TT. The expression pattern of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase was JJ > VV > TT. Overall, these results may aid in the detection of new differentially expressed proteins within three different abalone populations.